ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental disorder causing severe social and occupational dysfunction leading to high risk of suicidal ideas and behaviours. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of suicidality and its relationship to psychological (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and sociodemographic factors among individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Jordan. Methods: this is a descriptive correlational study. Data was collected using self-reported questionnaire from 90 individuals diagnosed with OCD from outpatient departments receiving care at public and private health institutions in Jordan. Data were collected regarding suicidality, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results: Suicidal risk was detected in 34.4% % (N= 31) of the individuals with OCD, 90% had mild to severe depressive symptoms, 70% had mild to severe anxiety symptoms. Significant positive correlation found between suicidality, anxiety and depressive symptoms (p<.05). Individuals with OCD and suicidality had significantly lower educational level, contamination, trichotillomania, and sexual obsessions. Depressive symptoms and type of OCD were significant predictors for suicidality among individuals known to have OCD. Conclusion: Individuals with OCD have high risk for suicidality and should be carefully monitored. Health care professionals in the outpatients’ clinics are recommended to actively investigate suicidality risk as part of OCD comprehensive assessment per visit.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Lavandula officinalis Chaix, Lamiaceae, extracts can inhibit inflammation and also pain induced by formalin in mice. This study evaluated the effects of L. officinalis hydro-alcoholic extract on pain induced by formalin and also cyclooxygenase (COX) type 1 and 2 activity in mice. To evaluate probable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, flowers were prepared by maceration and extraction in alcohol and their analgesic effects were studied in male mice, using formalin and hot plate tests. The effect of intraperitoneal hydro-alcoholic extracts of L. officinalis (100, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 800 mg/kg), subcutaneous morphine (10 mg/kg), dexamethasone (10 mg/kg; i.p.) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg; i.p.) on formalin induced pain were studied. Our results indicated that administration of the extract (100, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 800 mg/kg; i.p.) has inhibitory effects on inflammation induced by formalin injection into the animals hind paw. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was equal to the effects of morphine, dexamethasone and indomethacin. The extract in100, 200 and 300 mg/kg; significantly reduced heat-induced pain. The extract also reduced COX activity in dose dependent manner, where the inhibitory effect on COX1 activity was 33% and on COX2 activity was 45%. Here for the first time we show that L. officinialis extract can modulate pain and inflammation induced by formalin by inhibition of COX enzymes.
ABSTRACT
Foreign objects in the female genital tract neglected for a long period of time may lead to many clinical problems including recurrent vaginal discharge and infertility. We present a case of 3-year long infertility, and 11-year long recurrent vaginal discharge in a 24-year-old female. She was treated empirically with several courses of antibiotics, which did not resolve her symptoms. Before her marriage, the family declined initial attempts to perform a physical examination due to fear of tearing the hymen, which has many social implications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After her marriage, she suffered from infertility and continued to have the vaginal discharge. On vaginal examination, she was found to have a foreign body in the uterine cervix. It was inserted 13 years ago, and lead to chronic vaginal discharge and infertility